Cybercriminals are continuing to exploit human nature as they rely on familiar attack patterns such as phishing, and increase their reliance on ransomware, where data is encrypted and a ransom is demanded, finds the Verizon 2016 Data Breach Investigations Report.
This year’s report highlights repeating themes from prior year’s findings and storylines that continue to play off of human nature, including:
- 89 percent of all attacks involve financial or espionage motivations.
- Most attacks exploit known vulnerabilities that have never been patched despite patches being available for months, or even years. In fact, the top 10 known vulnerabilities accounted for 85 percent of successful exploits.
- 63 percent of confirmed data breaches involve using weak, default or stolen passwords.
- 95 percent of breaches and 86 percent of security incidents fall into nine patterns
- Ransomware attacks increased by 16 percent over 2015 findings.
- Basic defenses continue to be sorely lacking in many organizations.
Phishing tops the list of increasing concerns
One area that has picked up dramatically over the prior year is phishing; i.e., where end users receive an email from a fraudulent source. Alarmingly, 30 percent of phishing messages were opened—up from 23 percent in the 2015 report—and 13 percent of those clicked to open the malicious attachment or nefarious link.
In prior years, phishing was only a leading attack pattern for cyber-espionage and has now spread to seven of the nine incident patterns in the 2016 report. Its popularity has risen because it is an amazingly effective technique and offers attackers a number of advantages such as a very quick time to compromise and the ability to target specific individuals and organizations.
Adding to the list of human error are those caused by end users of an organization. “Miscellaneous errors” take the number one spot for security incidents in this year’s report. These can include improper disposal of company information, misconfiguration of IT systems, and lost and stolen assets such as laptops and smartphones. In fact, 26 percent of these errors involve people mistakenly sending sensitive information to the wrong person.
“You might say our findings boil down to one common theme—the human element,” said Bryan Sartin, executive director of global security services, Verizon Enterprise Solutions. “Despite advances in information security research and cyber detection solutions and tools, we continue to see many of the same errors we’ve known about for more than a decade now. How do you reconcile that?”
Of increasing concern to Verizon’s security researchers is the speed in which cybercrime is committed. In 93 percent of cases, it took attackers minutes or less to compromise systems and data exfiltration occurred within minutes in 28 percent of the cases.
As with the 2015 report, compromises of mobile and Internet of Things devices are not a significant factor in the 2016 DBIR. However, the report notes that proof of concept exploits are real and it’s only a matter of time before a large scale breach impacts mobile and IoT devices, which means organizations should continue to be vigilant about protecting smartphones and IoT devices.
Also worth noting from the report is that web application attacks climbed to the number one spot for data breaches, up 33 percent over prior year, and the vast majority (95 percent) were financially motivated.
The rise of the three-pronged attack
This year’s report calls out the rise of a new three-pronged attack that is being repeated over and over again by cybercriminals. Many organizations are falling prey to this type of attack. The three-prongs are:
- Sending a phishing email with a link pointing to the malicious website, or a malicious attachment.
- Malware is downloaded onto an individual’s PC that establishes the initial foothold, and additional malware can be used to look for secrets and internal information to steal (cyberespionage) or encrypt files for ransom. Many times the malware steals credentials to multiple applications through key logging.
- Use of the credentials for further attacks, for example, to log into third-party websites like banking or retail sites.
“The goal is to understand how the cybercriminals operate,” said Sartin. “By knowing their patterns, we can best prevent, detect and respond to attacks.”
7 basic measures every organization should take
The researchers note that basic, well-executed measures continue to be more important than complex systems. Organizations should check to make sure they are taking care of these things:
- Know what attack patterns are most common for your industry.
- Use two-factor authentication for your systems and other applications, such as popular social networking sites.
- Patch promptly.
- Monitor all inputs: Review all logs to help identify malicious activity.
- Encrypt your data: If stolen devices are encrypted, it’s much harder for attackers to access the data.
- Train your staff: Developing security awareness within your organization is critical especially with the rise in phishing attacks.
- Know your data and protect it accordingly. Also limit who has access to it.
“This year’s report once again demonstrates that there is no such thing as an impenetrable system, but often times even a basic defense will deter cybercriminals who will move on to look for an easier target,” added Sartin.
Download the report
The full “2016 Data Breach Investigations Report,” high-resolution charts and additional resources supporting the research are available on the DBIR Media Resource Center.
